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Appraisal School in Pryor Creek
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FREDDIE
MAC'S
HOME
VALUE PROTECTION PROGRAM
AND
COOPERATION AGREEMENT
WHEREAS, the New
York Attorney General's Office (the "Attorney General's Office" or the
"Office") has been conducting an investigation into conflicts of
interest, fraud and other misconduct in the mortgage industry. As part
of its investigation, the Attorney General's Office has studied the
business models and conduct of entities, including but not limited to
Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae") and Federal Home
Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac"), that purchase mortgage loans,
and then, after pooling the loans, sell them as securities to the
public; and,
WHEREAS,
pursuant to the Attorney General's Office's investigation, the Office
believes reforms are necessary to protect the valuation mechanisms
within the housing industry in both the primary and secondary markets to
protect consumers and to that end is engaged in an industry-wide
investigation involving originators, securitizers and credit rating
agencies; and,
WHEREAS, the
Attorney General's Office believes that the current crisis in the
mortgage industry follows a period of a high volume of home mortgages,
home equity refinancings and securitizations of new structured mortgage
financing products in which serious questions of conflicts of interest,
negligence and errors throughout the housing market have arisen. The
Attorney General's Office further believes that questions about
valuation, both in the primary market and in the secondary market, are
central to these concerns; and,
WHEREAS, the
Attorney General's Office believes that, in the residential home primary
market, home appraisals serve a vital role in determining the security
of the mortgage loans and the basis for evaluation of mortgage pools in
the secondary market. The appraisal also provides important information
for consumers to consider in determining their best financial interest;
and,
WHEREAS, the
Attorney General's Office believes that the accuracy and independence of
the appraisal process must be ensured and protected. Historically, there
have been times when turmoil in the real estate market has been caused
when the valuation mechanisms, and the appraisal process specifically,
have been corrupted by pressure from lenders and brokers. Federal
regulations require "independence" of the appraisers and the appraisal
process. State governments have regulatory roles in ensuring the
integrity of the appraisal process; and,
WHEREAS, the
Attorney General's investigations have evidenced bias in appraisal
practices, and therefore new policies safeguarding appraisal
independence and bona fide valuations must be established; and,
WHEREAS, the
Attorney General's Office believes that Freddie Mac is a highly
significant institution in the secondary mortgage market that can play
an important role in stabilizing the mortgage markets by, in part,
helping to restoring consumer and investor confidence in home and
mortgage pool valuations; and,
WHEREAS, the
Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (hereinafter "OFHEO"), an
independent agency in the Department of Housing & Urban Development
oversees Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, two government sponsored
enterprises ("the Enterprises") and has established a regulatory regime
to guide Enterprise efforts to resist and report mortgage fraud and
suspected mortgage fraud; and,
WHEREAS, OFHEO
has worked with the Enterprises to enhance their internal programs to
detect and prevent mortgage and appraisal fraud and external programs to
educate seller-servicers and the public on resisting mortgage fraud and
to communicate with state appraisal licensing bodies on appraisal fraud
or appraiser misconduct; and,
WHEREAS, OFHEO
has worked with state and federal law enforcement and has reported
events of mortgage fraud and suspected mortgage fraud, including
appraisal fraud, for over two years to the Department of the Treasury's
Financial Crimes Enforcement Network for referral to law enforcement;
and,
WHEREAS, the
parties agree to seek comment and concurrence regarding this Agreement
and the Code of Conduct, and the timetable for the implementation
thereof to assure no disruption in the marketplace, from the Office of
the Comptroller of the Currency, the Board of Governors of the Federal
Reserve System, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Office of
Thrift Supervision, the National Credit Union Administration and the
Federal Housing Administration, as the parties move forward to implement
the Agreement and the Code of Conduct; and,
WHEREAS, the
Attorney General's Office and OFHEO share concerns for a reliable
valuation and appraisal process that underlies the mortgage market and
believe it is in the public interest to act in a coordinated fashion;
and,
WHEREAS, the
Attorney General's Office and OFHEO believe that this forward-looking
agreement will in no way prejudice any of the Attorney General's ongoing
investigations in the mortgage industry or OFHEO's regulatory mandates
but will provide appropriate and necessary reforms and stability to the
market.
NOW THEREFORE,
the Attorney General's Office, OFHEO and Freddie Mac enter into this
agreement and agree as follows:
I. NEW HOME
VALUATION PROTECTION CODE
1. To ensure
appraisal independence and valuation protection, Freddie Mac has agreed
to adopt a Home Valuation Protection Code (the "Code," which is attached
hereto as Exhibit A), which was crafted by the Attorney General's Office
and OFHEO, in consultation with the Enterprises and other market
entities. The Code establishes requirements governing appraisal
selection, solicitation, compensation, conflicts of interest and
corporate independence, among other things. The Code may be modified
from time to time to address changes in federal or state banking laws
and regulations. Freddie Mac will immediately announce the adoption of
the requirements contained in the Code, make appropriate changes to its
Guide and, beginning January 1, 2009, will require that lenders
represent and warrant that appraisals conducted in connection with
single-family mortgage loans, other than government-insured loans,
originated on or after January 1, 2009 that are delivered to Freddie Mac
conform to the Code. After January 1, 2009, Freddie Mac will not
purchase single-family mortgage loans, other than government-insured
loans, from mortgage originators that do not agree to adopt the Code
with respect to such loans that are delivered to Freddie Mac. Freddie
Mac may exclude from the provisions of paragraph VI, subsections 1-4, of
the Code, institutions that both meet the definition of a "small bank"
set forth in the 12 U.S.C. § 2908, and which Freddie Mac determines
would suffer hardship due to those provisions. Institutions excluded for
hardship reasons must otherwise comply with the other provisions of the
Code and must meet all appropriate standards of appraiser independence.
During a period before January 1, 2009, Freddie Mac shall provide the
opportunity for comments from market participants on its implementation
and deployment of the Code; commentators should provide copies of their
comments to OFHEO. The parties to this Agreement understand the
significance of the reforms provided for herein and therefore will in
good faith review the comments received during this period and will
consider any amendments to the Code necessary to avoid any unforeseen
consequences. The parties to this Agreement believe that the adoption of
this Code will enhance the integrity of and confidence in the housing
finance system country-wide.
II. FORMATION
OF THE INDEPENDENT VALUATION PROTECTION INSTITUTE
2. The parties
hereto acknowledge that the integrity of the valuation processes involve
federal and state laws and regulations as well as market practices and
standards. This complex area requires a high level of expertise and
coordination to ensure truly sound, accurate, independent and reliable
appraisals.
3. To that end,
the parties agree that an independent entity, the Independent Valuation
Protection Institute (the "Institute"), will be established to monitor
and study this area. The Institute may, from time to time, propose
amendments to the Code which the parties to this Agreement will review
and consider.
4. The Institute
will establish a complaint hotline for consumers nationwide to contact
if they believe the appraisal process has been tainted or if they have
been harmed by appraisal fraud.
5. Appraisers
themselves will be able to contact the Institute if they believe their
independence has been threatened in any way, including by undue
pressure. Appraiser complaints will be handled in confidence to protect
the appraisers from possible retaliation. The Institute, in its
judgment, will mediate complaints or forward complaints to federal or
state regulators. The Institute, in its judgment, may also forward
complaints to state or federal law enforcement agencies for possible
investigation or prosecution.
6. The Institute
will be headed by a Board of Directors. Membership on the Board shall
consist of experts in the fields of real estate finance, loan
origination, law enforcement, compliance review and real estate
appraisal and valuation. Members of the Board shall have no financial
connection whatsoever with Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or any loan
originators with whom Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac engage. This prohibition
will apply to any subsequent securitizer contributing to the Institute.
The Institute shall hire a full time professional staff. The Attorney
General's Office and OFHEO must both approve the membership of the
Board.
7. The Institute
shall report publicly on the results of its activities to the Attorney
General's Office and OFHEO on a bi-annual basis.
8. The Institute
may be affiliated with an existing academic, professional association
and/or industry organization.
9. Freddie Mac
agrees to fund the Institute, along with Fannie Mae, for a period of not
less than five years at an annual cost to each as follows: year one - $1
million; year two - $2 million; year three - $3 million; year four - $3
million; and year five - $3 million. To the extent other entities agree
to participate in the Home Value Protection Program, the respective
contributions of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac may be reasonably reduced.
The Institute may, upon a showing of good cause to the Attorney
General's Office and OFHEO, request that additional funds be allocated
in years one and two from funds reserved for years three through five.
III.
COOPERATION AGREEMENT AND TERMINATION OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL'S OFFICE'S
INVESTIGATION
10. Freddie Mac
agrees to cooperate with the Attorney General's Office and OFHEO to
effect and accomplish the terms of this agreement. Freddie Mac also
agrees to continue to cooperate in the Attorney General's Office's
ongoing investigation into the mortgage industry.
11. The Attorney
General's Office agrees to terminate its current investigation of
Freddie Mac.
12. The parties
agree that the requirements in this Agreement, except for the provisions
relating to the Institute, terminate 28 months from the execution of the
Agreement.
13. Nothing
contained herein shall be deemed to constitute an admission by Freddie
Mac of any wrongdoing in connection with any matter, which Freddie Mac
expressly disclaims and denies. Nor shall this Agreement or any
negotiations, transactions, or proceedings connected in any way with
this Agreement be offered or received in evidence in any proceeding to
prove any liability, any wrongdoing, or an admission on the part of any
party hereto, by any individual or entity not a party hereto; provided,
however, nothing herein shall prevent this Agreement, from being used,
offered, or received in evidence in any proceeding to enforce any or all
of the terms of this Agreement.
14. If any
provision of this Agreement or the attached Code is found to be
violative of federal law or regulation, the violative provision will be
deemed null and void. If any provision is deemed null and void, the
Attorney General may, in his discretion, terminate this Agreement.
IN WITNESS
THEREOF, the undersigned subscribe their names:
Dated: March 3,
2008
ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
/S/
Andrew M. Cuomo
By:___________________________
Andrew M. Cuomo
OFFICE OF FEDERAL HOUSING ENTERPRISE OVERSIGHT
/S/
James B. Lockhart III
By:_______________________
James B. Lockhart III
Director
FEDERAL HOME LOAN MORTGAGE CORPORATION
/S/
Richard F. Syron
By:________________________
Richard F. Syron
Chairman and CEO
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